Volume 2, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2019)
Func Disabil J 2019, 2(1): 105-110 |
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Hosseini S M, mirzajan A, Jafarzadehpour E, Abolghasemi J. A comparison of central and peripheral refractions between 4-6 years old Children user and non-user of smartphones and/or other electronic screens. Func Disabil J 2019; 2 (1) :105-110
URL: http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html
URL: http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html
1- MSc Student of Optometry, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor of Optometry, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,mirzajani.a@iums.ac.ir
3- Professor of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
4- Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2- Associate Professor of Optometry, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Professor of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
4- Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Abstract: (1301 Views)
Background: The purpose of the present study is to compare central and peripheral refraction among children of 4-6 year-old user and non-user of smartphones and /or other electronic screens.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 106 children aged 4-6 years were enrolled in two groups of user (56 children: 34 boys and 22 girls) and non-user (50 children: 30 girls and 20 boys) of smartphones and /or other electronic screens.
The user group used smartphones and /or other electronic screens for 1-3 hours a day for at least one year and non-user group either did not use these screens or used less than half an hour occasionally and not every day.
All children had visual acuity of at least 20/20 with or without correction and showed no other ocular or systemic diseases. Both groups were evaluated for central refraction and peripheral refraction up to 20° eccentricity in nasal and temporal directions and up to 10° eccentricity in superior direction using the Shin-Nippon K5001 autorefractometer. The outcome measures were compared with SPSS statistical software.
Results: The findings showed no statistically significant difference in terms of central and peripheral refraction in superior, nasal and temporal eccentricities between the user and non-user groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it concludes that using smartphones and/or other electronic screens for 1-3 hours a day shows no effect on central and peripheral refraction in children with low range of refractive errors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 106 children aged 4-6 years were enrolled in two groups of user (56 children: 34 boys and 22 girls) and non-user (50 children: 30 girls and 20 boys) of smartphones and /or other electronic screens.
The user group used smartphones and /or other electronic screens for 1-3 hours a day for at least one year and non-user group either did not use these screens or used less than half an hour occasionally and not every day.
All children had visual acuity of at least 20/20 with or without correction and showed no other ocular or systemic diseases. Both groups were evaluated for central refraction and peripheral refraction up to 20° eccentricity in nasal and temporal directions and up to 10° eccentricity in superior direction using the Shin-Nippon K5001 autorefractometer. The outcome measures were compared with SPSS statistical software.
Results: The findings showed no statistically significant difference in terms of central and peripheral refraction in superior, nasal and temporal eccentricities between the user and non-user groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it concludes that using smartphones and/or other electronic screens for 1-3 hours a day shows no effect on central and peripheral refraction in children with low range of refractive errors.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Optometry
Received: 2019/07/12 | Accepted: 2019/07/27 | Published: 2019/02/21
Received: 2019/07/12 | Accepted: 2019/07/27 | Published: 2019/02/21
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All the work in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons
ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL-SHAREALIKE 4.0
INTERNATIONAL International License.