Volume 8, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2025)
Func Disabil J 2025, 8(1): 0-0 |
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Mehmandoust N, Azadian E, Majlesi M. Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Their Variability During Running in Girls With Intellectual Disabilities. Func Disabil J 2025; 8 (1)
URL: http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.html
URL: http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.html
1- Department of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
2- Department of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran. ,elaheh.azadian@iau.ir
3- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
2- Department of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran. ,
3- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
Abstract: (18 Views)
Background and Objectives: Balance and gait capacity are key aspects of mobility that are often impaired in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study examined spatiotemporal parameters and step-to-step variability during running in children with intellectual disability (ID) compared to typically developing (TD) peers.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 16 girls with ID (aged: 7–13 years) and 17 age-matched TD peers. ID was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and official school psychological records. Participants ran at a self-selected pace while crossing a 15-cm obstacle. Then, spatiotemporal parameters and their variability were recorded using a Vicon motion capture system synchronized with Kistler force plates. The obtained data were processed with standard filtering methods, and the coefficient of variation was used to quantify variability. Finally, group, task, and foot effects were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the P<0.05 significance level.
Results: Running speed, with and without obstacle crossing, was significantly lower in the ID group compared to controls (P=0.008). Furthermore, foot clearance performance during running and obstacle crossing was significantly different between groups (P=0.038). Moreover, the variability of most spatiotemporal parameters, particularly during obstacle crossing tasks, was significantly higher in children with ID than in controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, running speed was most sensitive to cognitive impairments in children with ID. Increased variability, especially during obstacle crossing, may increase the risk of falls. In addition, the observed reduction in running speed among children with ID may represent an adaptive strategy to enhance safety when negotiating obstacles.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 16 girls with ID (aged: 7–13 years) and 17 age-matched TD peers. ID was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and official school psychological records. Participants ran at a self-selected pace while crossing a 15-cm obstacle. Then, spatiotemporal parameters and their variability were recorded using a Vicon motion capture system synchronized with Kistler force plates. The obtained data were processed with standard filtering methods, and the coefficient of variation was used to quantify variability. Finally, group, task, and foot effects were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the P<0.05 significance level.
Results: Running speed, with and without obstacle crossing, was significantly lower in the ID group compared to controls (P=0.008). Furthermore, foot clearance performance during running and obstacle crossing was significantly different between groups (P=0.038). Moreover, the variability of most spatiotemporal parameters, particularly during obstacle crossing tasks, was significantly higher in children with ID than in controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, running speed was most sensitive to cognitive impairments in children with ID. Increased variability, especially during obstacle crossing, may increase the risk of falls. In addition, the observed reduction in running speed among children with ID may represent an adaptive strategy to enhance safety when negotiating obstacles.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Professional education and practice
Received: 2024/08/15 | Accepted: 2025/09/8 | Published: 2025/10/10
Received: 2024/08/15 | Accepted: 2025/09/8 | Published: 2025/10/10
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All the work in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons
ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL-SHAREALIKE 4.0
INTERNATIONAL International License.