Showing 8 results for Riazi
Fatemeh Riazi, Abbas Riazi, Hassan Sori,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cortical Vision Impairment in children is one of the visual disturbances which are occurring due to brain disorders. There are not eye disorders as usual. It has been shown that the image processing in the brain has been affected. Among brain disorders, cerebral palsy (CP) is one of those disorders that leads to at least two third of cortical blindness among these patients.
Observation of the vision behaviors is an appropriate way to evaluate the amount of vision as well as provide low vision rehabilitation.
Method: vision behaviors were evaluated by interview with parents of children under 15 years old. Consent was achieved before interview and participants were informed well about the process. Attendance of one of parents was enough to run the interview preferably mother. Semi-structured individual interview was used to discover vision behaviors of children in daily life. The interview was recorded then transcribed verbatim into text word for thematic analysis.
Results: 22 parents of 18 children with CP participated in this study. (Mean age 37.4±2.51). Parents did not have enough information to deal with their children. They needed special education. Rehabilitation programs from occupational therapists were very effective. The most effective one was physical rehabilitation. There are very significant behaviors which were common among children. This behavior is not being observed among visually impaired children with ocular causes.
Conclusion: Parents do not have much concern about vision of their children. They believe physical rehabilitation is much important than vision rehabilitation. Parents need more education to participate in rehabilitation programs for these children.
Akram Zarei, Abbas Riazi, Javad Heravian Shandiz, Abdollah Farzaneh,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (Autumn 2018)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To assess the effect of using tablets and smartphones on visual acuity and vision-related performance in a population of visually impaired children.
Methods: 24 children between the ages 4 to 13 years with visual acuity between 20/80 (0.6 Log Mar) to light perception participated in this study. The case group comprised children who scheduled to work with a tablet or smartphone for 2 hours a day for 6 months. The control group received nothing. Near and far vision as well as refraction were measured. Children of the two groups were asked to paint and the duration of painting was recorded. A questionnaire was designed to assess the quality of life the of children. All measurements were repeated 6 months later in both groups. There was no significant difference in vision between the two groups before using a tablet. Parents were also asked to explain any changes that occured in the behaviors of their children.
Results: Distant vision in the tablet group was significantly different from the control group (P=0.04) which indicates improvement in visual acuity of the case group with about 0.20 Log Mar compared to the control group. There was 0.20 log Mar better vision in the tablet group in comparison with the control group (P=0.04). Results from the questionnaire showed that in the tablet group, the score was about 14.04 units better than the control group. The time consumption for painting was the same in both groups after 6 months. There was no significant difference in near acuity and refractive errors. Interviews with parents showed improvement in the tablet group in the area of navigation, mobility as well as objects’ recognition. Parents stated that their child performed better in the environment. They had less accidents with objects and individuals. They were more comfortable in walking and using stairs.
Conclusion: using tablets and smart phones by visually impaired children can improve distant vision and increase their functionality in performing daily life activities.
Zohreh Hakimzadeh Yazdi, Abbas Azimi Khorasani, Abbas Riazi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) questionnaire has already been developed. However, some items of these instruments are not suitable for Iranian samples. This study aims to develop the Persian version of this questionaire to evaluate the functional vision of visually impaired Iranian people.
Methods: The VRQoL questionnaire was evaluated and 43 items were chosen as an initial questionnaire. Ten visually impaired people were interviewed to express their idea about the position and manner of expressing questions in the questionnaire. Some items were excluded and the remained items were given to 30 patients as well as some visual impairment specialists. Their opinions about the face validity of the questionnaire were used. The content validity of this instrument called the Iranian low vision questionnaire (ILVQ) was evaluated using Lawshe’s content validity ratio. To construct validity, factor analysis was used. Internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Results: The reduction of psychometric items showed that three items should be eliminated and a 32-item questionnaire was produced as an Iranian low vision questionnaire (ILVQ). This local instrument has performance-based (13 items) and self-reported (19 items) sections with a five-point response scale. The psychometric evaluation showed an internal reliability of 96% by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and an overall reliability and repeatability of 0.96 (P<0.001) by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The test-retest reliability was obtained at 0.94 (P<0.001) to indicate the external reliability and stability of the instrument.
Conclusion: This instrument has high validity and reliability, which is a standard tool to assess the quality of life (QoL) among Iranian visually impaired people. Existing questionnaires around the world should be modified to add or remove some items due to advanced technologies.
Abbas Riazi, Narges Firouzi, Reza Salehi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Several methods exist to evaluate tear film, the most widely used of which is the tear break-up time (TBUT) test. This test is an invasive method that involves the use of fluorescein and stimulates the tear reflex. A chief security officer (CSO) company has added a feature called non-invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT) to the new version of its OCT device, MS-39, which checks dry eyes without using fluorescein. In this research, the aim is to compare the results of these two methods to examine dry eyes.
Methods: The evaluation starts with measuring NIBUT in MS-39. NIBUT is repeated three times in each person with an interval of 30 second. We give 30 second to rebuild tears. Then TBUT is measured three times with fluorescein using a slit lamp at 30-second intervals. Finally, the average is taken from the measurements.
Results: The average results of NIBUT are 10 second and the average results of TBUT are 10 second and are equal. The distribution of NIBUT and TBUT results by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is normal. The distribution of TBUT results is lower than NIBUT with the Shapiro-Wilk test; That is, both methods have a normal distribution, but the TBUT method shows better findings in the field of normal distribution.
Conclusion: The average of both tests is equal to each other. The distribution of findings with both methods is normal, therefore no significant difference is observed between the average findings with both methods, choosing the appropriate method for tear film is the responsibility of the doctor and the patient.
Maryam Riazi, Farhad Adhami Moghadam, Mohammad Sahebalzamani, Abbas Riazi, Seyed Hasan Sanei,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Social anxiety is a type of disorder in which a person becomes anxious and afraid in social interactions and situations. It is well known that 90% of a person’s social interactions are related to their vision, so blind people definitely have problems in all their social interactions.
Methods: Leibovitz’s social anxiety scale is the only tool that is based on social situations. Participants were asked to answer the questions of the data collection tool. Normal subjects were also randomly selected from the normal population who are similar to the patient group in terms of age and gender. The results were analyzed with relevant statistical software.
Results: The results show that the average score of social anxiety in the blind group is 43.27 and 44.25 in the sighted group. The average score of avoidance in the blind group is 39.83 and 41.66 in the sighted group. The amount of social anxiety between the blind and the visually impaired group has a significant difference compared to normal people. There is also a significant difference in the comparison between totally blind and mildly impaired people (P=0.027). The amount of avoidance is also different between totally blind and sighted people. There is a significance (P=0.024) and there is a statistical difference between the totally blind and mildly visually impaired (P=0.022).
Conclusion: People with normal vision or mild vision loss experience more degrees of social anxiety as well as avoidance than totally blind people.
Amir Asharlous, Abbas Riazi, Samira Janani, Sattar Rajabi, Amir Rakhshan, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Hamed Tabesh,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Evaluation of changes in refractive errors and biometric parameters in the process of glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes during three-month treatment.
Methods: Patients with the first diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or a history of poor glycemic control (hemoglobin glycate more than 7.5%) and without any systemic disease other than diabetes were included. Hemoglobin glycate, refractive error, and biometric parameters were evaluated before treatment and one and a half and three months after treatment, and their changes were examined by generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis.
Results: A total of 60 eyes of 30 patients with a mean age of 51.63±6.79 years were evaluated. Hemoglobin glycate decreased by an average of 1.028% compared to the baseline measurement in the third month (P<0.001). Mean spherical (P=0.554), spherical equivalent (P=0.340), axial length (P=0.147), and anterior chamber depth (P=0.336) did not show a significant difference between the three examinations. In contrast, the lens thickness showed a significant decrease during treatment (P=0.001). Finally, generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis showed that a 1% decrease in hemoglobin glycate increased by 0.226 mm. (P=0.002) in the axial length. It should be mentioned in tables FU1means Follow-up 1.5 months and FU2 means Follow-up 3 months.
Conclusion: The present study shows that refractive errors and most ocular biometric parameters do not change significantly compared to the baseline levels in the period of one and a half and three months after the start of glycemic control.
Miss Sara Imani, Dr Abbas Riazi, Dr Mohammad Kamali, Miss Fateme Riazi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The quality of life (QoL) of blind people is affected by various variables, including age, sex, level of education, severity of low vision, use of applications and software, etc. This research aims to compare the QoL of people with low vision who use and do not use low-vision applications on smartphones.
Methods: The statistical population included all patients with low vision who were referred to low vision research centers and other institutions active in the field of blindness and low vision in Tehran City, Iran. The sample size of this study was 43 people using the conviniece sampling method and Cochran’s formula, which was considered to be 90 people due to the existence of two groups for comparison. The research data collection tool was Hakimzadeh Yazdi’s QoL questionnaire (2022). Two-way one-variable analysis of variance and SPSS software, version 21 were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that people with low vision who use low-vision applications have a higher QoL compared to people with low-vision who do not use low-vision applications (P<0.05). Also, the effect of demographic variables on the QoL of low-vision patients using and not using applications was presented (P<0.05). Age and gender had no significant effect on QoL.
Conclusion: Considering the impact of applications in facilitating the daily affairs of low vision patients, it is recommended to use it in treatment and educational programs in hospitals and even in the family.
Abbas Riazi, Fatemeh Riazi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vision impairment has very severe effects on education. It brings serious problems in life and job opportunities. In our country, Iran, accurate statistics on children with vision impairment and blindness are unavailable.
Methods: This study examined only children up to 15 years old with vision impairment and blindness. Complete eye examinations were investigated, including vision measurement of both eyes for far and near, refraction to determine refractive errors, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, and checking the presence of any eye deviation. Standard LogMar charts were used. In addition, the need for visual aids was examined by a low-vision specialist.
Results: A total of 708 blind and visually impaired children (371 boys and 337 girls) were examined. The average age of the participants was 3.50±8.99. Congenital retinal diseases include 42% of the causes of blindness and vision impairment in these children. Retinitis pigmentosa 9%, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) 8%, albinism <1%, refractive errors 9.5%, cortical visual impairment 13.6%, cataract and glaucoma each alone 7%, corneal opacity 1.7% and non-pathogenic causes, such as trauma <1% were diagnosed. A total of 63% of these children were the result of family marriage.
Conclusion: The high percentage of family marriage among the parents of these children has also increased the probability of blindness and low vision. Many of these diseases are genetic; no specific treatment has yet been discovered. The lack of proper vision rehabilitation facilities in schools and access to vision aids make the residual vision not used in the critical age of the child. Therefore, the expansion of vision impairment rehabilitation services is a necessity.
