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Abstract Farsi

Background and Objectives: Families of people with severe mental illness may provide different facilities according to the context they are living in. This study aimed to explore the experience of families in the process of finding a job for their mentally ill relatives in Iranian context whose social support appears to be less than that of developed countries.
Methods: 19 participants (10 people with severe mental illness, 7 family members, 2 psychiatrists and one supervisor who recruited a mentally ill worker) took part in this qualitative study, where data was analyzed through content analyses approach.
Results: Organizing the current situation” and “neglecting the key points” were the two main themes extracted from the study.
Conclusion: In Iran, family network has a strong control over the job finding process. Moreover, the limitation in social supports entails families selecting multiple strategies for helping their relatives
 

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Background & Objectives: Aphasia is one of the most common consequences of a stroke; thus, screening tests for early diagnosis of the problem are necessary when dealing with aphasia patients. One of these screening tests is the Language Screening Test (LAST). The purpose of this study was to translate, validate, and utilize this test in the Persian language for patients after stroke.
Methods: The original version of LAST was translated into Persian, and then administrated on 100 patients in the acute phase by two examiners at the patient’s bedside in order to check the inter-rater reliability. To assess the agreement between the two forms (a and b) of the LAST, Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), weighted Kappa, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used. Also, the Persian version of LAST and the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) were performed at the chronic phase with two independent examiners with blind scoring.
Results: Inter-rater reliability between Rater 1 and Rater 2 on LAST-a and LAST-b score were very good for both phases. The CCC for LAST-a and LAST-b, respectively, were 0.874 and 0.865 for the acute phase and 0.923 and 0.927 for the chronic phase. The weighted Kappa for LAST-a and LAST-b, respectively, were 0.750 and 0.740 for the acute phase, and 0.822 and 0.846 for the chronic phase.
Conclusion: The obtained results showed that LAST is a very simple, fast, and valid test and can be used as a reliable tool in stroke patients. Lack of cultural and language dependency are the advantages of using this test. 

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Background & Objectives: Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that affects daily communication and quality of life. Early diagnosis and the treatment of aphasia are important. In this regard, one of the screening tests is the Aphasia Rapid Test (ART). This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of this test and extend the use of ART in the acute phase for patients with aphasia.
Methods: The original version of ART was translated to Persian and 100 acute stroke patients were evaluated by ART. Besides, all the patients were assessed again after eight days by two independent raters to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Also, 70 patients were chosen to examine ART’s predictive ability; they were assessed using the Persian version of Western Aphasia Battery, after three months.
Results: On day eight of the study, the Mean±SD ART was 11.26±2.03 for rater 1 and 11.44±2.04 for rater 2. Inter-rater reliability was good with the concordance correlation coefficient of 0.959 (95% CI: 0.939-0.972). Also, the Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between raters without any significant trend/bias. 
Conclusion: The ART is a test that includes features, such as reproducibility, predictability, and inter-rater reliability. This test is short and can be used in the acute phase of aphasia in patients with stroke.

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Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the body position in routine tasks among orthotists and prosthetists.
Methods: Forty orthotists and prosthetists were included. The scores of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment were used to determine the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and analyze the work position of orthotists and prosthetists, respectively. An examiner evaluated 10 working postures that were dominantly used every day, in each orthotist and prosthetist.
Results: Among the orthotists, 55.6% of men and 47% of women suffered from pain in the trunk, neck, and lower limbs. Nearly similar results were seen in the upper limbs (74.1% men and 45.5% women). Such high prevalence rates were not seen in prosthetists. The analysis of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment scores based on the working task and gender of the orthotist and prosthetist showed that more than 60% of the workers achieved a score of 4 to 7 approximately in half of the tasks. It shows the medium risk of musculoskeletal disorders, thus, corrective action is necessary.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among orthotists and prosthetists, especially in the orthotist workers. To reduce these disorders, it is recommended to add ergonomic topics and training courses for working with devices to increase the knowledge of specialists and apply and select practical tools based on the principles of ergonomics.
 

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Background and Objectives: Despite its many positive effects, having a job can expose people to stress and threats that negatively affect health and well-being, and consequently, upset their occupational balance. Occupational therapy is one of the most stressful jobs and always exposes therapists to health-related threats due to direct contact with patients and constant and repetitive movements. This study aimed to investigate burnout and occupational balance among occupational therapists in Tehran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 166 occupational therapists working in the public and private clinics and centers of Tehran. Sampling was conducted using the multistage method. The participants completed demographic questionnaires, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Life Balance Inventory. Then, the Spearman Statistical Test was used to examine the relationship between burnout and occupational balance.
Results: The results revealed a strong (r= -0.29) and significant (P=0.001) negative relationship between emotional fatigue and the total life balance list, a strong (r= -0.32) and significant (P=0.0001) negative relationship between depersonalization and total life balance and identity, and a strong (r= -0.32) and significant (P=0.0001) negative relationship between success and total life balance list.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, burnout negatively affects the identity and interests of occupational therapists but does not affect their health and communication.

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Background and Objectives: Today, comparing the scores of tests and evaluation scales with each other and the correlation between them is done to check and compare the test’s accuracy in diagnosing reading problems. The present study investigated the correlation between the scores of the Persian reading comprehension assessment task (PRCAT) and the text comprehension subtest of the reading and dyslexia test (NEMA) in fourth and fifth-grade elementary school students.
Methods: In this study, 24 students from the fourth and fifth grades of elementary schools in Tehran City, Iran with normal reading skills participated. The set of items for the Persian reading comprehension assessment task and the text comprehension subtest of the NEMA test were taken from the students.
Results: The results showed a positive correlation between the scores of the PRCAT and the text comprehension subtest of NEMA, and the correlation coefficient between them is 0.622 (r=0.622, P<0.01).
Conclusion: The results showed that the PRCAT has an acceptable validity compared to the text comprehension subtest of the NEMA test.
 

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Background and Objectives: This research aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the voice symptom scale (VoiSS) questionnaire. We also sought to determine the best cut-off point to classify high-risk populations into controls (participants) and dysphonic patients. 
Methods: The study was conducted in 3 main steps. The translation process was carried out by a pair of Iranian bilingual speech-language pathologists along with an expert panel. For the validity study, the questionnaire was administered to 268 cases that were suspected of dysphonia. Finally, to assess the reliability, the questionnaire was completed twice in 2 weeks by 40 dysphonia patients. To normalize data generation 107 individuals without dysphonia completed the P-VoiSS, after that the cutoff value of the P-VoiSS was calculated.
Results: Cronbach’s α was estimated at 0.914, and for impairment, emotional, and physical domains, it was 0.877, 0.926, and 0.725, respectively. We also estimated intra-cluster correlation (ICC) of 0.984 indicating high reproducibility of the Persian VoiSS questionnaire. The estimated intra-cluster correlation (ICC) for subscale was 0.962 for impairment, 0.989 for emotional, and 0.952 for physical domains. The Mean±SD score of the questionnaire for the healthy group was 10.1±5.9, while it was statistically higher in dysphonia patients (44.1±20.6). The statistical difference was observed in the subscales of the questionnaire between healthy and dysphonia groups (P<0.05). The exploratory factor analysis determined that the Persian VoiSS has three subtest/latent factors like the original form. We also estimate the best cut-point at 20.5. 
Conclusion: The Persian adaptation of VoiSS is a dependable and effective tool that can be utilized for screening high-risk populations.