School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
The Association Between Motor Proficiency and Performing Recreational and Leisure Activities in School for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
1
8
FA
Mahsa
Kheirollahzadeh
Department of Occupational Therapy , School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi
Alizadeh Zarei
Department of Occupational Therapy , School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Malek
Amini
Department of Occupational Therapy , School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Faezeh
Dehghan Tarzjani
Department of Neuroscience, School of New Technologies, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objectives: Performing recreational and leisure activities are an important part of children’s school function, including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between motor proficiency, performing recreational, and leisure activities in school for the children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 students with autism spectrum disorder aged 7-12 years old were selected by available sampling method and the students with co morbidity were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a school function assessment (SFA) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency- Second Edition (BOTMP-2).
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive linear relationship with moderate strength between performing recreational and leisure activities and components of motor proficiency, including gross motor skills (P = 0.001, r = 0.41), upper limb coordination (P=0.000, r=0.44), and fine motor skills (P = 0.00, r = 0.58). Also, the results of multiple linear regression model indicated that only the fine motor skills as one of the components of motor proficiency had the ability to predict performing recreational and leisure activities(β = 0.5, P = 0.002).
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there was a relationship between performing recreational, leisure activities, and motor proficiency and the highest correlation was observed with fine motor skills, upper limb coordination, and gross motor skills, respectively. Also, fine motor skills had a moderate predictive ability. Thus, in order to improve student’s function in their school, perceptual motor interventions would be an important part of their treatment program.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Corneal Biomechanical Characteristics and Their Correlation in an Iranian Adult Myopic Population
9
18
FA
Asgar
Doostdar
MSc, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Payam
Nabovati
MSc, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hassan
Soori
MSc, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shokoofeh
Rafati
MSc, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Taghi
Naghdi
MSc, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi
Khabazkhoob
PhD, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Noor ophtalmology Research Center, Noor eye hospital, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: Corneal biomechanics is a branch of science that studies deformation and equilibrium of corneal tissue under the application of any force. The objective of the study was to determine the normal values of corneal biomechanical characteristics including corneal resistant factor (CRF) and corneal hysteresis (CH) in an Iranian adult myopic population and their associations with age, gender and ocular biometrical components.
Methods: The number of 480 eyes of 480 patients (mean age: 26.73 ± 4.9) with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in this study. Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) was used to measure corneal biomechanical metrics of CH and CRF. Corneal topographic and pachymetric measurements were obtained using Pentacam Scheimflug topographer.
Results: The means of CH and CRF were 10.28 ± 1.49 and 10.49 ± 1.61, respectively. Females showed higher CH and CRF values compared to males (CH: 10.55 ± 1.36 vs. 9.72 ± 1.57, CRF: 10.73 ± 1.46 vs. 9.94 ± 1.74). The CH was significantly positively correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal volume (CV) and significantly negatively correlated with horizontal and vertical radius of curvatures of the back corneal surface and horizontal radius of curvature of the front corneal surface. The CRF had a significant positive correlation with CCT and CV, whereas significant negative correlations were found between CRF and horizontal and vertical radius of curvatures of the back corneal surface. In the linear multiple regression model, CH was only significantly associated with CV; likewise, CRF showed significant association only with CCT.
Conclusion: The mean values of CH and CRF in Iranian population were higher than values reported in East Asian countries, comparable to or higher than values in USA and UK populations. From various ocular dimensions, CH was significantly associated with CV; whereas, CRF was significantly associated with CCT.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Use of Functional Balance Measurement Tools to Predict the Fear of Falling in Faller and Non-Faller Chronic Stroke Patients
19
28
FA
Shamsi
Jamali
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Akram
Azad
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ghorban
Taghizadeh
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: Fear of falling is a major problem among people suffering from stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional balance (FB) and fear of falling (FOF) in chronic stroke patients with and without history of falling and to identify the best measurement tool for FB which can assess the FOF in these patients.
Methods: Eighty-two participants with chronic stroke with the mean age of 54.90 (±11.30) years participated in this non-experimental cross sectional study. They were divided into faller and non-faller groups based on their history of falling during the last month. The FB was measured by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Tinetti Balance Test, and Functional Reach Test (FRT). The Persian versions of the self-completed Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and Activity-specific Balance-Confidence scale (ABC) were used to evaluate FOF.
Results: The results of this study showed that the correlation between FES-I with FRT, BBS, DGI and Tinetti Balance Test were -0.38, -0.67, -0.44 and -0.62, in faller group and -0.11, -0.59, -0.31 and -0.24 in non-faller group. The correlation between ABC and FRT, BBS, DGI and Tinetti Balance Test were 0.58, 0.48, 0.68 and 0.57 in faller group and 0.17, 0.55, 0.45 and 0.44 in non-faller group. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that BBS was the best predictor for FOF (which explained 25% and 31% of total variance of FES-I and ABC in faller group as well as 68% and 42% of total variance of FES-I and ABC in non-faller group).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed a low to moderate correlation between FB and FOF in both groups of faller and non-faller chronic stroke patients. Furthermore, BBS seems to be the best functional balance measurement to predict FOF in these patients.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Acuity Preserve in Glare Situation in Normal Eyes
29
36
FA
Zahra
Ghasempour
MSc. in Optometry, Department of Optometry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Behnaz
Samet
MSc. in Optometry, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi
Khabazkhoob
PhD in Epidemiology, Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Ebrahim
Jafarzadehpur
Professor of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: Glare can affect vision in normal and abnormal individuals. It seems that threshold and normal values of glare have been less mentioned in various sources. The aim of this study was to determine acuity preserve in glare situation in normal subjects.
Methods: 48 subjects (96 eyes) aged 18 to 25 years with normal visual acuity, and without any refractive error participated in this study. The acuity preserve in glare situation was measured at different light intensity conditions with Metro vision glare test at different luminance and visual field.
Results: Glare source in each luminance at the nasal side may show better acuity preserve in glare situation. The maximum score for nasal and temporal source for 1 cd/m2 condition was 57.398 and 51.282 respectively. The same situation was seen for 5 cd/m2 (P<0.001). However, in glare for luminance background of 1 cd/m2, and 5 cd/m2 were significantly different (P<0.001). The acuity preserve in glare situation for 5 cd/m2 background was higher than 1 cd/m2 luminance in both temporal and nasal sides.
Conclusion: Acuity preserve in glare situation in luminance of 5cd/m2 in both temporal and nasal was more than1 cd/m2. Acuity preserve in nasal glare situation was more than temporal glare situation.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
The Effects of Muscular Flexibility and Strength Imbalance on Lower Limb Injuries in Female Martial Arts Athletes
37
46
FA
Sara
Heidarian
MSc Student, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Ali
Amiri
Assisstant Professor, PhD, PT. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Ali
Ashraf Jamshidi
Associated Professor, PhD, PT. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: Owing to the high prevalence of injuries among female martial arts athletes, the effects of flexibility and muscular imbalance on lower limb injuries of female martial arts athletes during a competition season was studied.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 66 professional female martial arts athletes of country (aged 15-40), prior to the season, were evaluated for muscle isometric strength and the flexibility assessment, in the ankle joints, knees and hips. During the training and holding of the tournament, the researcher followed up the created injuries and registered them by the physician or physiotherapist of the team. Paired t-test and SPSS 17 software were used to examine the relationship between the strength of the agonist / antagonist and flexibility in case of occurring injury.
Results: The only significant difference between the flexibility in the right hip abductors (P = 0.02) and the evertor / invertor strength ratio in the right ankle (P= 0.007) was obtained with lower limb injury, and no significant statistical differences were found between the other parameters.
Conclusion: The insufficiency of muscle force in hip joints and muscle strength imbalance in ankle joints can be important internal factors in incidence of injuries in female martial arts athletes.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Evaluation of Vision Behaviors in Children with Cortical Visual Impairment Due to Cerebral Palsy (CP)
47
56
FA
Fatemeh
Riazi
MSc Candidate in Optometry, Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abbas
Riazi
PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hassan
Sori
MSc. Lecturer, Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: Cortical Vision Impairment in children is one of the visual disturbances which are occurring due to brain disorders. There are not eye disorders as usual. It has been shown that the image processing in the brain has been affected. Among brain disorders, cerebral palsy (CP) is one of those disorders that leads to at least two third of cortical blindness among these patients.
Observation of the vision behaviors is an appropriate way to evaluate the amount of vision as well as provide low vision rehabilitation.
Method: vision behaviors were evaluated by interview with parents of children under 15 years old. Consent was achieved before interview and participants were informed well about the process. Attendance of one of parents was enough to run the interview preferably mother. Semi-structured individual interview was used to discover vision behaviors of children in daily life. The interview was recorded then transcribed verbatim into text word for thematic analysis.
Results: 22 parents of 18 children with CP participated in this study. (Mean age 37.4±2.51). Parents did not have enough information to deal with their children. They needed special education. Rehabilitation programs from occupational therapists were very effective. The most effective one was physical rehabilitation. There are very significant behaviors which were common among children. This behavior is not being observed among visually impaired children with ocular causes.
Conclusion: Parents do not have much concern about vision of their children. They believe physical rehabilitation is much important than vision rehabilitation. Parents need more education to participate in rehabilitation programs for these children.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of COMI-Neck Questionnaire in Iranian Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
57
64
EN
Morteza
Rafatifard
MSc Student, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shabnam
Shahali
Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soheil
Mansour Sohani
Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objectives: Chronic neck pain in various ages is one of the important causes of occupational disability which has imposed huge costs on health services. Therefore, developing a valid and reliable instrument to obtain information about patients with neck pain seems necessary. The present study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of COMI-Neck questionnaire in Iranian patients with chronic neck pain.
Methods: In this study, in order to examine reliability (test-retest and internal consistency), the Persian version of The Core Outcome Measures Index for the neck (COMI-Neck), was completed using convenience sampling method among 100 patients with chronic neck pain attending rehabilitation clinics in Karaj city. In order to examine validity, FRI, NDI and SF-36 questionnaires were also completed by participants. Internal consistency, reliability, discriminate validity and construct validity were analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests.
Results: The ICC test results for scores of 5 indices including pain, daily activities, adaptability to existing symptoms, quality of life, recreational and social activities in COMI-Neck, showed that very high validity of the questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89. There was strong correlation between the total score of COMI-Neck and the total score of FRI (P<0.05). Also, a strong correlation existed between the total score of COMI-Neck and NDI total score (P<0.05). Strong and reverse correlations were observed between score of all scales of COMI-Neck and the total score of SF-36 (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The Persian version of The Core Outcome Measures Index for the neck (COMI-Neck) showed good validity and reliability in evaluation of outcome measures among Iranian patients with chronic neck pain.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science
Function and Disability Journal
2588-6304
1
2
2018
8
1
Applying Person-Environment-Occupation in Cardiac Disease: A Case Report
65
70
EN
Zeinab
Fathipour-Azar
PhD Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mahnaz
Hejazi Shirmard
PhD Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Occupation-based models can integrate the occupation into Occupational Therapy (OT) practice. These models offer a theoretical basis for OT interventions. Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) is one of these models, but there is limited evidence to outline the use of PEO to support OT in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore; the aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of this model in a patient with a cardiovascular disease. The participant was a 48-year old woman with cardiac disease (heart failure with NHYA 3). Results indicate that the application of PEO model significantly improved physical function and the quality of life. The findings of this study suggest that PEO can guide OT practice in cardiac rehabilitation.