@article{ author = {Aminrasouli, Nasim and Mohamadi, Reyhane and Jenabi, Mohammad Sadeq and Kamali, Mohamm}, title = {A Comparison of Phonological Processing and Sentence Comprehension of Normal Hearing Children and Those with Cochlear Implant Experience}, abstract ={Abstract Farsi Background and Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the phonological processing and sentence comprehension in children with CIs and compare them with normal hearing (NH) children. It is also an attempt to study the relation between phonological processing and sentence comprehension in children with CIs. Method: Twenty children with CIs  and twenty NH children between the ages 4 to 6 years were evaluated with the Non-Word Repetition (NWR) task ; Persian Syntax Comprehension Test (PSCT); Persian version of Test of Language Development, Primary, 3rd (TOLD-P: 3); nonverbal part of the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) test; and Vineland adaptive-behavior scale.  Results: These results implied that children with CIs may experience difficulties in phonological processing and sentence comprehension. In children with CIs, with increasing their experience in processing of sound, sentence comprehension skills improved.  Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that there is a relationship between the NWR and sentence comprehension. Therefore, paying more attention to the intervention of phonological processing may help children with CIs in sentence comprehension.  }, Keywords = { Non-Word repetition, Sentence comprehension, Phonological processing, Cochlear implant, Deaf children}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.1}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kalhor, Ali and Sohani, Soheil and Amiri, Ali and JamshidiKhorneh, Aliashraf}, title = {Musculoskeletal Complication Following Arthroscopy Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction 6 Months Post-operatively}, abstract ={Abstract Farsi   Background and Objective: Muscle strength deficits have usually been found after ACL reconstruction. Some studies have demonstrated a relationship between lower extremity muscle strength and the single-leg hop test in the ACL reconstructed knees.  The aim of this study is to evaluate possible differences in lower limbs including function, muscle strength length and anterior knee pain, 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between involved and uninvolved side. Method: Sixty patients who underwent anatomic double bundle ACL reconstruction were examined 6 - 36 months post-operatively. All subjects had undergone the same rehabilitation protocol after ACL reconstruction. Lower extremity isometric strength, muscle length and Triple Single-leg hop test were assessed. Measurements were performed 3 times within a 2-minute interval. The normal limb was tested before the operated limb. The peak strength value was normalized by the body weight. Results: In the Single-leg hop test there was statistically significant difference in the lower limbs comparing the involved with the uninvolved knee (P < 0.001). In the Tensor Fascia Lata-Ilio Tibial Band (ITB/TFL) length, there was statistically significant difference in the lower limbs (P < 0.001). In the isometric knee flexion strength there was statistically significant difference in the lower limbs at 90° (P < 0.001) and 105° (P < 0.001) knee flexion. In the isometric knee extension strength there was statistically significant difference in the lower limbs at 5° (P < 0.001), 45° (P = 0.025) and 90° (P = 0.003) knee flexion. In the isometric hip abduction, internal rotation and plantar flexion strengths there were statistically significant difference in the lower limbs (P < 0.001).  There was statistically significant correlation between isometric muscle strength ratio (involved vs. uninvolved) and  Single-leg hop test in hip abduction (r = 0.345, P < 0.001) , knee extension at 45° (r = 0.245, P = 0.05) and at 90° (r = 0.379, P = 0.002) knee flexion and between  isometric muscle strength ratio and anterior knee pain in hip abduction (r = 0.345, P = 0.03)  , knee extension at 90° (r = 0.311, P = 0.009) and at 5° (r = 0.272, P = 0.023) knee flexion. Conclusion: Our study shows that after ACL reconstruction, lower limb function and strength deficit remained despite the completion of rehabilitation. These deficits were found at knee, hip and ankle joints. The present results can be used for re-planning rehabilitation protocol.  }, Keywords = {Muscle length, Isometric strength, Anterior cruciate, Ligamentreconstruction }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-20}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.11}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hasanvand, Marzieh and Torabinezhad, Farhad and Abolghasemi, Jamileh and Eslami, Moharram}, title = {A comparison of Speech Duration in Cochlear Implant and Normal Hearing Elementary School Students in the Imitation and Reading Tasks}, abstract ={Abstract Farsi Background and Objectives: Excessive duration is one of the suprasegmental features in cochlear implant children. Regarding the importance of the normal rate of speech in transferring the intonation and clarity of speech, the present study aims at comparing word and sentence duration in cochlear implant and normal hearing children in imitation and reading tasks. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on 30 elementary school cochlear implant children versus 30 normal hearing children. Voice recording was done in a silent room. The Persian-speaking subject was asked to utter “/sælam/ (hello)” and “/Ɂemruz nemiyad/ (He won’t come today)” with the following moods and emotions: statement, question, exclamation, with happiness and with sadness. Then, they were asked to do the same task imitating the voice which had been recorded earlier. Data recording was done using Praat software and data analysis was done by SPSS software. Results: The average duration in cochlear implant children in two modes of imitating and reading a word showed a significant difference with that of children with normal hearing (P < 0.001). Moreover, in both groups, the average duration of reading the word was less in comparison with imitating the word. Also, the average duration in cochlear implant children in two modes of imitating and reading a sentence showed a significant difference with that of children with normal hearing (P< 0.001). In the cochlear implant group, the average duration of imitating the sentence was less than the average duration of reading the sentence, whereas in the normal hearing group, the average duration of reading the sentence was less than the average duration of imitating the sentence. Conclusion: The average duration in cochlear implant in all modes (word imitation, word reading, sentence imitation, sentence reading) was more than normal hearing children, which results in abnormal intonation in these children. According to the present study, imitation cannot cause a decrease in duration and consequently, does not result in more natural intonation. Hence, it is probably not a proper therapeutic method.  }, Keywords = {Speech duration, Cochlear implant, Normal hearing, Imitation, Reading, Persian}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-30}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.21}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HussamUldeenHatow, Mohammad and Mirzajani, Ali and MadhiHasan, Hamood and AbdulameerHussein, Hasan and Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim}, title = {The Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among First Grade of Primary School in Amara, South of Iraq}, abstract ={Abstract farsi Background and Objectives: One of the main health problems of concern is refractive error in children, which has a real burden on community and individuals especially among schoolchildren. The study aim is to evaluate the refractive errors’ prevalence in primary school children.  Methods: The study was a cross sectional with the element of analysis which was carried out in a primary school of the Amara city. A total of 768 children were selected randomly from 76 primary schools (urban rural, male and female schools) by cluster sampling according to the geographic area of health districts and their primary health care centers. Each child was examined for visual acuity (both uncorrected and best corrected) dry and cyclo- refraction.  Results: In this study, the response rate was (95.7%) from which 66.1% were male  and 33.9% were female. The prevalence of refractive error was 47% (360) distributed as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism which was (19.6%, 20.1% and 7% respectively) while amblyopia was 4.8%. 39.9% of students showed abnormal visual acuity. After cyclo-refraction, the prevalence of refractive error was changed for all types, most of myopic children were female (52.1%) while most children with hyperoia (53.4%) and astigmatism (54.7%) were male children with statistical significant association (P= 0.001). Conclusion: we concluded that refractive error and visual acuity loss prevalence was high among children of primary school in the Amara city in south of Iraq. It seems that an extensive ocular and visual screening protocol must be considered in this province.  }, Keywords = {Refractive error, Amblyopia, Visual acuity, Primary school }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.31}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rassafiani, Mehdi and Khalafbeige, Mitra and MohammadiShahboulaghi, Farahnaz and Haghgoo, Hojjat-allah and Taherkhani, Hami}, title = {Families ‘experiences to Find a Job for Relatives who Have Severe Mental Illness in Iran: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Abstract Farsi Background and Objectives: Families of people with severe mental illness may provide different facilities according to the context they are living in. This study aimed to explore the experience of families in the process of finding a job for their mentally ill relatives in Iranian context whose social support appears to be less than that of developed countries. Methods: 19 participants (10 people with severe mental illness, 7 family members, 2 psychiatrists and one supervisor who recruited a mentally ill worker) took part in this qualitative study, where data was analyzed through content analyses approach. Results: Organizing the current situation” and “neglecting the key points” were the two main themes extracted from the study. Conclusion: In Iran, family network has a strong control over the job finding process. Moreover, the limitation in social supports entails families selecting multiple strategies for helping their relatives  }, Keywords = {Vocation, Employment, Severe mental illness, Family }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-48}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.40}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gharebaghy, Soraya and SadatMirbagheri, Sedigheh and Khazaeli, Khadijeh}, title = {Occupational Performance in Children Aged 6 to 13 Years with Cancer}, abstract ={Abstract Farsi Background and Objectives: Cancer survival rate increased during the last 3 decades, following medical advances and improvement of therapeutic protocols to treat children with cancer. Contribution to childhood activities is essential to the growth and development of children, regardless of their ability and disability. However, there is no information about the problems and requirements of childhood activities in children with cancer undergoing cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the occupational performance needed in children with cancer.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate high priority problems in occupational performance in children with cancer. Occupational performance needs and priorities were determined by a semi-constructed interview using the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM). The obtained data were encoded and statistically analyzed. Results: Based on the problems noted by the children with cancer, a total of 141 problems were selected in the occupational performance areas out of which 37 codes were extracted. Results of the current study indicated that based on COPM, among 3 main occupational performance areas, the most problematic area belonged to self-care (49.64%), then productivity and leisure time (26.95% and 23.40%, respectively). Conclusion: Results of previous as well as the current studies indicated that children with cancer, due to the complications of the disease and side-effects of the therapies, face some functional problems in their daily life activities, which emphasizes the need for occupational therapy practices in order to improve the patients’ QoL.  }, Keywords = { Cancer, Occupational performance areas, Occupational performance satisfaction, Occupational performance priorities in daily life }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-57}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.49}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zangi, Mahsa and Jalali, Maryam and Esfandiari, Elham and Yazdi, Hamid Rez}, title = {The Effect of Lateral Wedge Insole on Mediolateral Static Balance in Patients with Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Balance has reported to be impaired in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Lateral wedged insoles, have shown positive effect on parameters like knee adduction moment and pain. As a result, the factors that have been shown to reduce the parameters associated with knee osteoarthritis are anticipated to be effective in improving balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate and four-week effects of lateral wedged insoles on static balance in patients with mild and moderate osteoarthritis of knee medial compartment.  Methods: 18 patients (mean age=53±6.07) and body mass index (26/1±2.1 kg/m2) with painful mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading were recruited. Static standing balance was assessed while standing for 60 seconds on a force plate in three different footwear and two vision conditions: barefoot, wearing shoes without lateral wedged insoles and wearing shoes with lateral wedged insole in open and closed eye conditions. Pain intensity and static standing balance in the mediolateral direction (through the displacement and velocity of center of pressure) were investigated immediately and 4 weeks later.  Results: Lateral wedged insoles had no immediate effect on the center of pressure mediolateral displacement (P=0.70) and velocity (P=0.08). Using the lateral wedged insoles for 4 weeks resulted in significant improvement of pain (P <0.001) in mediolateral center of pressure displacement (P <0.001) and velocity (P <0.001).  Conclusion: No significant immediate effect was seen on the average displacement and velocity of the center of pressure in the mediolateral direction while wearing lateral wedged insoles. Measured parameters improved after 4 weeks. Effect of lateral wedged insoles as a non-invasive treatment can be considered for improving the postural balance in those with knee osteoarthritis.   }, Keywords = { Foot Orthoses, Knee Osteoarthritis, Lateral Wedge, Static Balance}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.58}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jalaei, Bahram and NormaniZakaria, Moham}, title = {The Results of ABR in a Child with Noonan Syndrome: Necessity of Renewing the Evaluation Protocols of Syndromes}, abstract ={55 years after discovering NS, there was not even one publication regarding the use of auditory electrophysiological tests for analyzing the central auditory nervous system in NS patients. This is an attempt to attract attention of scientists and clinicians in using AEPs for evaluating the function of CANS in NS. Readers can find a report about the results of audiological tests and auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in a 5-year old Malay boy with NS. It should be noted that he could only produce a few meaningful words. The results of audiological tests showed bilateral mild conductive hearing loss at low frequencies. ABR recordings showed good waveform morphology but the results were atypical. That is, absolute latency of wave V was normal but interpeak latencies of waves I-V, I-II, II-III were prolonged. Conversely, interpeak latency of waves III-V was abnormally shorter.  Abnormal ABR results are possibly due to an abnormal anatomical condition or abnormal function of brainstem and might cause speech delay.}, Keywords = {Auditory brainstem response (ABR), Hearing loss, Speech delay, Noonan Syndrome }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-73}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.1.68}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kheirollahzadeh, Mahsa and AlizadehZarei, Mehdi and Amini, Malek and DehghanTarzjani, Faezeh}, title = {The Association Between Motor Proficiency and Performing Recreational and Leisure Activities in School for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Performing recreational and leisure activities are an important part of children’s school function, including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between motor proficiency, performing recreational, and leisure activities in school for the children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 students with autism spectrum disorder aged 7-12 years old were selected by available sampling method and the students with co morbidity were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a school function assessment (SFA) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency- Second Edition (BOTMP-2). Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive linear  relationship with moderate strength between performing recreational and leisure activities and components of motor proficiency, including gross motor skills (P = 0.001, r = 0.41), upper limb coordination (P=0.000, r=0.44), and fine motor skills (P = 0.00, r = 0.58). Also, the results of multiple linear regression model indicated that only the fine motor skills as one of the components of motor proficiency had the ability to predict performing recreational and leisure activities(β = 0.5, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there was a relationship between performing recreational, leisure activities, and motor proficiency and the highest correlation was observed with fine motor skills, upper limb coordination, and gross motor skills, respectively. Also, fine motor skills had a moderate predictive ability. Thus, in order to improve student’s function in their school, perceptual motor interventions would be an important part of their treatment program.  }, Keywords = {Recreational, Leisure activities, Motor skills, Activities of daily living, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.1}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Doostdar, Asgar and Nabovati, Payam and Soori, Hassan and Rafati, Shokoofeh and Naghdi, Taghi and Khabazkhoob, Mehdi}, title = {Corneal Biomechanical Characteristics and Their Correlation in an Iranian Adult Myopic Population}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Corneal biomechanics is a branch of science that studies deformation and equilibrium of corneal tissue under the application of any force. The objective of the study was to determine the normal values of corneal biomechanical characteristics including corneal resistant factor (CRF) and corneal hysteresis (CH) in an Iranian adult myopic population and their associations with age, gender and ocular biometrical components. Methods: The number of 480 eyes of 480 patients (mean age: 26.73 ± 4.9) with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in this study. Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) was used to measure corneal biomechanical metrics of CH and CRF. Corneal topographic and pachymetric measurements were obtained using Pentacam Scheimflug topographer.  Results: The means of CH and CRF were 10.28 ± 1.49 and 10.49 ± 1.61, respectively. Females showed higher CH and CRF values compared to males (CH: 10.55 ± 1.36 vs. 9.72 ± 1.57, CRF: 10.73 ± 1.46 vs. 9.94 ± 1.74). The CH was significantly positively correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal volume (CV) and significantly negatively correlated with horizontal and vertical radius of curvatures of the back corneal surface and horizontal radius of curvature of the front corneal surface. The CRF had a significant positive correlation with CCT and CV, whereas significant negative correlations were found between CRF and horizontal and vertical radius of curvatures of the back corneal surface. In the linear multiple regression model, CH was only significantly associated with CV; likewise, CRF showed significant association only with CCT. Conclusion: The mean values of CH and CRF in Iranian population were higher than values reported in East Asian countries, comparable to or higher than values in USA and UK populations. From various ocular dimensions, CH was significantly associated with CV; whereas, CRF was significantly associated with CCT.  }, Keywords = {Corneal biomechanics, Corneal resistant factor, Corneal hysteresis, Central corneal thickness, Corneal volume}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-18}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.9}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jamali, Shamsi and Azad, Akram and Taghizadeh, Ghorb}, title = {Use of Functional Balance Measurement Tools to Predict the Fear of Falling in Faller and Non-Faller Chronic Stroke Patients}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Fear of falling is a major problem among people suffering from stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional balance (FB) and fear of falling (FOF) in chronic stroke patients with and without history of falling and to identify the best measurement tool for FB which can assess the FOF in these patients. Methods: Eighty-two participants with chronic stroke with the mean age of 54.90 (±11.30) years participated in this non-experimental cross sectional study. They were divided into faller and non-faller groups based on their history of falling during the last month. The FB was measured by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Tinetti Balance Test, and Functional Reach Test (FRT). The Persian versions of the self-completed Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and Activity-specific Balance-Confidence scale (ABC) were used to evaluate FOF.  Results: The results of this study showed that the correlation between FES-I with FRT, BBS, DGI and Tinetti Balance Test were -0.38, -0.67, -0.44 and -0.62, in faller group and -0.11, -0.59, -0.31 and -0.24 in non-faller group. The correlation between ABC and FRT, BBS, DGI and Tinetti Balance Test were 0.58, 0.48, 0.68 and 0.57 in faller group and 0.17, 0.55, 0.45 and 0.44 in non-faller group. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that BBS was the best predictor for FOF (which explained 25% and 31% of total variance of FES-I and ABC in faller group as well as 68% and 42% of total variance of FES-I and ABC in non-faller group). Conclusion: The results of this study showed a low to moderate correlation between FB and FOF in both groups of faller and non-faller chronic stroke patients. Furthermore, BBS seems to be the best functional balance measurement to predict FOF in these patients.  }, Keywords = {Chronic stroke, Fear of falling, Functional balance}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-28}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.19}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghasempour, Zahra and Samet, Behnaz and Khabazkhoob, Mehdi and Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim}, title = {Acuity Preserve in Glare Situation in Normal Eyes}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Glare can affect vision in normal and abnormal individuals. It seems that threshold and normal values of glare have been less mentioned in various sources. The aim of this study was to determine acuity preserve in glare situation in normal subjects.  Methods: 48 subjects (96 eyes) aged 18 to 25 years with normal visual acuity, and without any refractive error participated in this study. The acuity preserve in glare situation was measured at different light intensity conditions with Metro vision glare test at different luminance and visual field. Results: Glare source in each luminance at the nasal side may show better acuity preserve in glare situation. The maximum score for nasal and temporal source for 1 cd/m2 condition was 57.398 and 51.282 respectively. The same situation was seen for 5 cd/m2 (P<0.001). However, in glare for luminance background of 1 cd/m2, and 5 cd/m2 were significantly different (P<0.001).  The acuity preserve in glare situation for 5 cd/m2 background was higher than 1 cd/m2 luminance in both temporal and nasal sides. Conclusion: Acuity preserve in glare situation in luminance of 5cd/m2 in both temporal and nasal was more than1 cd/m2. Acuity preserve in nasal glare situation was more than temporal glare situation.  }, Keywords = {Glare, Visual field, visual acuity}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.29}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidarian, Sara and Amiri, Ali and AshrafJamshidi, Ali}, title = {The Effects of Muscular Flexibility and Strength Imbalance on Lower Limb Injuries in Female Martial Arts Athletes}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Owing to the high prevalence of injuries among female martial arts athletes, the effects of flexibility and muscular imbalance on lower limb injuries of female martial arts athletes during a competition season was studied. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 66 professional female martial arts athletes of country (aged 15-40), prior to the season, were evaluated for muscle isometric strength and the flexibility assessment, in the ankle joints, knees and hips. During the training and holding of the tournament, the researcher followed up the created injuries and registered them by the physician or physiotherapist of the team. Paired t-test and SPSS 17 software were used to examine the relationship between the strength of the agonist / antagonist and flexibility in case of occurring injury. Results: The only significant difference between the flexibility in the right hip abductors (P = 0.02) and the evertor / invertor strength ratio in the right ankle (P= 0.007) was obtained with lower limb injury, and no significant statistical differences were found between the other parameters. Conclusion: The insufficiency of muscle force in hip joints and muscle strength imbalance in ankle joints can be important internal factors in incidence of injuries in female martial arts athletes.  }, Keywords = {Martial arts, Muscle strength, Flexibility, Lower limb injuries}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-46}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.37}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Riazi, Fatemeh and Riazi, Abbas and Sori, Hass}, title = {Evaluation of Vision Behaviors in Children with Cortical Visual Impairment Due to Cerebral Palsy (CP)}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Cortical Vision Impairment in children is one of the visual disturbances which are occurring due to brain disorders. There are not eye disorders as usual. It has been shown that the image processing in the brain has been affected. Among brain disorders, cerebral palsy (CP) is one of those disorders that leads to at least two third of cortical blindness among these patients.  Observation of the vision behaviors is an appropriate way to evaluate the amount of vision as well as provide low vision rehabilitation.  Method: vision behaviors were evaluated by interview with parents of children under 15 years old. Consent was achieved before interview and participants were informed well about the process. Attendance of one of parents was enough to run the interview preferably mother.  Semi-structured individual interview was used to discover vision behaviors of children in daily life. The interview was recorded then transcribed verbatim into text word for thematic analysis.  Results: 22 parents of 18 children with CP participated in this study. (Mean age 37.4±2.51). Parents did not have enough information to deal with their children. They needed special education. Rehabilitation programs from occupational therapists were very effective. The most effective one was physical rehabilitation. There are very significant behaviors which were common among children. This behavior is not being observed among visually impaired children with ocular causes.  Conclusion: Parents do not have much concern about vision of their children. They believe physical rehabilitation is much important than vision rehabilitation. Parents need more education to participate in rehabilitation programs for these children.   }, Keywords = { Cerebral palsy, Cortical vision impairment, Vision behaviors, Vision rehabilitation.}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-56}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.01.2.47}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rafatifard, Morteza and Shahali, Shabnam and MansourSohani, Soheil}, title = {Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of COMI-Neck Questionnaire in Iranian Patients with Chronic Neck Pain}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Chronic neck pain in various ages is one of the important causes of occupational disability which has imposed huge costs on health services. Therefore, developing a valid and reliable instrument to obtain information about patients with neck pain seems necessary. The present study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of COMI-Neck questionnaire in Iranian patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: In this study, in order to examine reliability (test-retest and internal consistency), the Persian version of The Core Outcome Measures Index for the neck (COMI-Neck), was completed using convenience sampling method among 100 patients with chronic neck pain attending rehabilitation clinics in Karaj city. In order to examine validity, FRI, NDI and SF-36 questionnaires were also completed by participants. Internal consistency, reliability, discriminate validity and construct validity were analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests. Results: The ICC test results for scores of 5 indices including pain, daily activities, adaptability to existing symptoms, quality of life, recreational and social activities in COMI-Neck, showed that very high validity of the questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89. There was strong correlation between the total score of COMI-Neck and the total score of FRI (P<0.05). Also, a strong correlation existed between the total score of COMI-Neck and NDI total score (P<0.05). Strong and reverse correlations were observed between score of all scales of COMI-Neck and the total score of SF-36 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Persian version of The Core Outcome Measures Index for the neck (COMI-Neck) showed good validity and reliability in evaluation of outcome measures among Iranian patients with chronic neck pain.}, Keywords = {Validity, Reliability, Chronic neck pain, COMI-Neck Questionnaire}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-64}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.2.57}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fathipour-Azar, Zeinab and HejaziShirmard, Mahnaz}, title = {Applying Person-Environment-Occupation in Cardiac Disease: A Case Report}, abstract ={Occupation-based models can integrate the occupation into Occupational Therapy (OT) practice. These models offer a theoretical basis for OT interventions.  Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) is one of these models, but there is limited evidence to outline the use of PEO to support OT in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore; the aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of this model in a patient with a cardiovascular disease.  The participant was a 48-year old woman with cardiac disease (heart failure with NHYA 3). Results indicate that the application of PEO model significantly improved physical function and the quality of life. The findings of this study suggest that PEO can guide OT practice in cardiac rehabilitation.  }, Keywords = {Person-Environment-Occupation, Occupational therapy, Cardiac disease}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-70}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.2.65}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jalilevand, Nahid and Ebrahimipour, Mona and MotasaddiZarandi, Masoud and Kamali, Mohamad and Fayazi, Leyl}, title = {Comparison of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Between Deaf Children with no Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Children 12-24 Months After Cochlear Implantation}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: It has been shown that cochlear implant significantly improves verbal communication in deaf children. The aim of the current study was to investigate and compare the verbal and non-verbal communication abilities in two groups of deaf children: without cochlear implant (CI), and children using CI for 12-24 months. The results were then compared with typically-developing children as the control group. Methods: 87 children participated in this cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study, (14 deaf children without CI, 25 children with CI that their hearing ages were 12 to 24 months and 48 normal children aged 12 to 24 months). A reliable verbal and non-verbal checklist was completed by parents and nonparametric method was used for data analyzing.    Results: The results indicated that non-verbal communication skills were similar in all groups with no significant difference (P>0.05). However, verbal abilities in deaf children without CI were significantly impaired compared to the children with CI and control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the verbal communication scores of children with CI and normal children (P>0.05).  Conclusion: It can be expected that deaf children who receive CI, will reach the verbal communication abilities of 12-24-month-old typically children, at least 12 to 24 months post-implantation   }, Keywords = {Non-Verbal and verbal communication, Deaf children, Cochlear implantation, Typically-Developing children }, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.1}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Torabinenezhad, Farhad and Izadi, Farzad and Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Bijankhan, Mahmood and Eslami, Moharam and Rohani, Mohammad and Ebrahimipor, Mo}, title = {Acoustic Parameters in Persian-Speaking Patients with Dysphonia}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Studying voice acoustic parameters in vowel production is a crucial component of every standard voice evaluation. Voice Analysis is non-invasive. Nowadays, computerized Voice Analysis is growing rapidly. Therefore, understanding acoustic parameters in healthy and unhealthy individuals is more significant than before. This research is a step toward boosting our knowledge about voice acoustic parameters. The main purpose of this research is to study acoustic characteristics in dysphonic and healthy Iranian individuals.  Methods: The current study was descriptive-analytic. Vowel Analysis was conducted through Praat software. Voices of 50 dysphonic patients and 50 healthy participants were evaluated. The acoustic parameters included average, standard deviation, and range of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, the number and degree of voice breaks, and harmonic to noise ratio. Results: In all studied acoustic characteristics, patients’ mean scores were higher than controls’ mean scores, except for harmonic to noise ratio which was higher in the healthy individuals. Although, the number of voice breaks in healthy male and female population was zero, it was 1.8 in male patients and 4.4 in female patients (P<0.05). jitter and shimmer in patients were dramatically higher (P<0.05) than their amount in healthy controls; moreover, patients’ fundamental frequency range (male: 54.6±59.0, female: 78.6±68.4) was extremely broader than individuals with normal voices (male: 9.7±4.1, female: 16.2±7.3). Conclusion: It was clarified that there are considerably significant differences in some acoustic features. These differences may be used as a foundation for diagnosis and intervention in dysphonic patients. This study illustrated that Acoustic Analysis can differentiate healthy individuals from patients. Hence, it can be used as a non-invasive, fast and accurate method.  }, Keywords = {Voice acoustic, Fundamental frequency, Voice break, Perturbation.}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {8-17}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.8}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SaadatiQamsari, Atefeh and NoorizadehDehkordi, Shohreh and Dadgoo, Mehdi}, title = {Mobility Barriers for People with Multiple Sclerosis: a Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) from mobility barriers they are faced with. Methods: This study included 13 patients with MS (7 women and 6 men), with informed consent, whose average age is 43 years. A qualitative content analysis approach was used. According to the EDSS criteria, the severity of their disability was between 8-4. The sampling was carried out purposefully with maximum variation, and the data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Immediately after each interview, the data was analyzed using the Cheevakumjorn`s method.  Results: After analyzing the obtained data and categorizing the resulting codes; three main categories were observed: “disease-affected barriers”, “personal barriers” and “environmental barriers”. The data of each theme were classified as subthemes.  Conclusion: Based on research findings and experiences of the participants, rehabilitation specialists during the assessment, management and treatment of patients with MS should alert and educate patients about personal mobility barriers and try to help them fit in their physical environment.  }, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Mobility barriers, Qualitative study, Lived experiences}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {18-27}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.18}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Akram and Riazi, Abbas and HeravianShandiz, Javad and Farzaneh, Abdollah}, title = {Impact of Using Tablet Computer and Smart Phone on Vision Performance In a Group of Visually Impaired Children}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: To assess the effect of using tablets and smartphones on visual acuity and vision-related performance in a population of visually impaired children.  Methods: 24 children between the ages 4 to 13 years with visual acuity between 20/80 (0.6 Log Mar) to light perception participated in this study. The case group comprised children who scheduled to work with a tablet or smartphone for 2 hours a day for 6 months. The control group received nothing. Near and far vision as well as refraction were measured. Children of the two groups were asked to paint and the duration of painting was recorded. A questionnaire was designed to assess the quality of life the of children. All measurements were repeated 6 months later in both groups. There was no significant difference in vision between the two groups before using a tablet. Parents were also asked to explain any changes that occured in the behaviors of their children. Results: Distant vision in the tablet group was significantly different from the control group (P=0.04) which indicates improvement in visual acuity of the case group with about 0.20 Log Mar compared to the control group. There was 0.20 log Mar better vision in the tablet group in comparison with the control group (P=0.04). Results from the questionnaire showed that in the tablet group, the score was about 14.04 units better than the control group. The time consumption for painting was the same in both groups after 6 months. There was no significant difference in near acuity and refractive errors. Interviews with parents showed improvement in the tablet group in the area of navigation, mobility as well as objects’ recognition. Parents stated that their child performed better in the environment. They had less accidents with objects and individuals. They were more comfortable in walking and using stairs.  Conclusion: using tablets and smart phones by visually impaired children can improve distant vision and increase their functionality in performing daily life activities.  }, Keywords = {Visually impaired children, Tablet, Smart phone, Visual acuity.}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {28-35}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.28}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jarollahi, Farnoush and AlinejadKashani, Afsaneh and Keyhani, MohammadReza and Kamalvand, Atefeh}, title = {The Effects of Auditory Training by Erber Method on Improvement of the Auditory Skills in 3-4 Year-Old Hearing-Impaired Children}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Auditory sense is important for the learning of speech and language in childhood. Sensory-neural hearing loss can cause serious consequences in the development of auditory and communicational skills. Auditory training is of great importance in the aural rehabilitation services for decreasing these effects. Currently, there are several methods such as AVT, SKI-HI, DASL and also the Erber method. Given the specific characteristics of the Erber method, its benefit has not been shown in available researches yet. Therefore, this study aimed to apply Erber method to examine the improvement of auditory skills in sensorineural hearing-impaired children. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 13 toddlers with severe-to-profound hearing loss. The Erber method was applied for auditory training. Exercises were performed over the first three months (only language therapy), and following that, auditory training was increased for six months. This 9-month period was repeated once. The assessments were repeated every three months by the “Tavana” test. The data of five repetitions of the Tavana test were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: No significant difference was observed between the results from tests 1, 2 and 4, 5 tests. However, noticeable difference was observed between the results from the 2, 4 and 5, 7 tests. These findings revealed the auditory training by Erber method, which greatly improved the auditory skills.  Conclusion: Mere use of appropriate hearing-aid with language therapy without auditory training, would not lead to the improvement of auditory skills. Theseskills were rather improved by auditory training in hearing-impaired children. So, the Erber method was an appropriate and effective method for auditory training.  }, Keywords = {Auditory Training, Hearing loss, Erber’s method, Tavana test, Children}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {36-44}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.36}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {JafariNaimi, Ali and AraniKashani, Zohre and Mohamadi, Reyhane and Rasouli, Mahboobeh}, title = {Syntax Comprehension in 4-6 Year Old Foster Children}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: The educational environment and family are of the most important factors in the growth and development of linguistic and verbal skills of a child. Certain conditions such as environment can influence the linguistic characteristics of the child. This study aimed to examine the syntax comprehension of Persian language speaking children among foster families and typically-developing children.  Methods: 72 Persian speaking children living in orphanages between the ages 4 to 6 and 75 typically-developing 4 to 6 year-old children were assessed by the Persian syntax comprehension test. This test measures 24 syntactic constructs of Persian language in 96 items. Also, the Mann-Whitney Test was used to compare the groups.  Results: Given the results of the Persian syntax comprehension test, the mean syntax compression score of children living in orphanages were significantly lower than those of typically-developing children (P<0.05).  Conclusion:The foster children should be more paid attention to, in order to particularly enhance their syntax comprehension.   }, Keywords = {Orphanage, Syntax comprehension, Language, Foster children, Typically-developing children}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {45-53}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.3.45}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {BonakdarTehrani, Mohammad Amir and Akbari, Mohammad and Dadgoo, Mehdi}, title = {Misdiagnosis of Patients with Cervicogenic Headache: A Case Series Study}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Cervicogenic headache is considered to be one of the most controversial headaches because of its diagnostic challenges. It has several pathogeneses resulting in different signs and symptoms that make therapists prone to misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diagnostic errors in cervicogenic headache patients. Methods: In this study that was conducted in the physiotherapy ward of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare clinic in summer 2018, 60 patients with chronic headache were examined using the International Headache Society Diagnostic criteria and five physical tests. The aim of this study was to determine the number of the patients with cervicogenic headache who were not diagnosed or were misdiagnosed before this study. Results: Fifty-three of the volunteers had cervicogenic headache. Only four of them were diagnosed correctly before this study, indicating that 92% of the cervicogenic headache patients were not diagnosed properly in this study. Conclusion: There is a significantly high rate of misdiagnosis in patients with cervicogenic headache. Because of the physical mechanisms that induce this type of headache, applying valid and reliable physical tests together with diagnostic criteria may lead to accurate diagnosis of cervicogenic headache.}, Keywords = {Cervicogenic headache, Misdiagnosis, Diagnostic error}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {54-61}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.4.54}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kalooti, Atefeh and AlizadehZarei, Mehdi and Amini, Malek}, title = {Investigating the Effect of Participation-based Individualized Occupational Therapy on Functional Mobility of Children with Cerebral Palsy in School: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background and Objectives:  Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder in the growing brain that disrupts movement and ultimately limits the individual’s performance and participation in a variety of areas, such as everyday life, play, and school activities. Individualized occupational interventions help these children receive appropriate services and supports based on their needs, abilities, and disabilities. Current research aimed at investigating effect of individualized occupational therapy interventions on mobility in children with cerebral palsy in the schools. Methods: This is a Single-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 18 children with cerebral palsy at ages 6-12 were selected using convenience method, and were divided into control and intervention groups using block randomization method. During the research period, the control group like before the research received the conventional occupational therapy interventions for 5 weeks and 12 sessions. The intervention group received occupational interventions based on the individualized appropriate goals. Both groups were assessed by School Function Assessment (SFA). Results: The average age of participants was 10.17 years old. Of these children, 52% used wheelchair .Difference in changes of mobility variables was significant between control and intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that individual occupational therapy based on participation of children with cerebral palsy in exceptional schools had significant impact on mobility of children in non-academic activities of the school, which requires further studies.}, Keywords = {Individual occupational interventions, School-based occupational therapy, Cerebral palsy, Mobility}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, doi = {10.30699/fdisj.1.4.62}, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {CheraghiFard, Moslem and Shamili, Arian and MotahariNejad, Fatemeh and Gharebagh, Soraya and Shafaroodi, Narges}, title = {Ethics in Occupational Therapy Research in Iran: A Scoping Review}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Ethics is an important issue in various scientific fields, including rehabilitation and occupational therapy. Since ethics can be affected by the environment, culture, and religion, there was a need to identify a systematic examination of the published literature about ethics in occupational therapy in Iran.  Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to identify, summarize, and describe existing literature on ethic in occupational therapy in Iran. Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on the five steps framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Two researchers separately searched international and Iranian database by using relative keywords for articles published from January 2000 to February 2019. Results: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the founded articles, seven articles were selected for evaluating the scoping review. Three articles have been performed quantitatively and four articles have been done qualitatively. Conclusion: The lack of sufficient studies in the field of ethics in occupational therapy shown that it doesn’t take an important place in the following area of research. Therefore, this scoping review revealed the need for the conduction of extensive studies and further research in this area.}, Keywords = {Ethics, Occupational Therapy, Review}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RezvaniBafroui, Maryam and Khorasani, Bijan and Amiri-Shavaki, Younes and Kamali, Mohammad and Jenabi, Mohammad Sadegh}, title = {Voice Handicap Index and Acoustic Parameters in Thyroidectomized Patients with and without Voice Problems}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Vocal changes are one of the most common consequences of thyroid surgery. These changes can be due to neurological or other factors. With respect to vocal changes after surgery, and the need for determination of details of the vocal problems and related consequences in the patients’ life after thyroidectomy, the aim of this study was determination of some acoustic parameters of their voice after thyroidectomy and the status of subscales of Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic and non-interventional. One voice of 32 thyroidectomized patients (23 women and 9 men) with 20-60 years of age analyzed acoustically and they completed VHI questionnaire. Results: Statistical comparison of mean scores of VHI in two groups of patients with and without vocal problem showed that mean score and standard deviation of total scores of VHI, and the scores of functional, emotional, and physical subscales in patients with voice problems are more than the other group, and the differences were significant (P=0.000). Comparison of acoustic parameters in the two groups of patients showed that F0, jitter, shimmer, and HNR were different, but the differences were not significant. According to our results, amplitude perturbations and harmonic to noise ratio was high in both groups of thyroidectomized patients. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, we can conclude that F0, jitter, shimmer, and HNR of voice may be not enough for determination of voice problems, but other acoustic measures, self-perceptual, or self-reported evaluation tools such as VHI maybe more efficient in determination of thyroidectomized patients’ voice problems.}, Keywords = {Thyroidectomized patients, Acoustic parameters, Voice Handicap Index, Voice problems}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-19}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sohrabi, Mitra and AraniKashani, Zohre and Jalilevand, Nahid and Sanei, Hasan and Ajalloueyan, Mohamm}, title = {Comparing Speech Intelligibility in 3 to 5 Years Old Children with Cochlear Implants and Normal Children}, abstract ={Background and Objective: One of the positive outcomes of cochlear implantation is achieving intelligible speech. Therefore, the measurement of speech intelligibility is a standard criterion for assessing the effectiveness of cochlear implants (CIs). The goal of this study was to compare speech intelligibility in 3 to 5 cochlear-implanted children with their age-matched normal children at three levels of correctness of consonants, vowels and words. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 children (20 children with cochlear implant, and 20 normal children– matched for age as a control group) were recruited. Speech intelligibility was assessed at three levels of correctness of consonants, vowels and words using the Persian speech intelligibility test. Results: Findings showed significant difference between speech intelligibility in children with CIs and normal children in levels of consonant, vowel and word correctness (P=0.000) Conclusion: Speech intelligibility at three levels of correctness of consonants, vowels and words in 3 to 5 year old children with CIs were lower than normal children.}, Keywords = {Speech intelligibility, Cochlear implant, Consonant, Vowel, Word}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {20-26}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Fariba and Mirzajani, Ali and Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim and Khabazkhoob, Mehdi and AminiVishteh, Rasoul}, title = {The Evaluation of Stereopsis and Its Correlation with Refractive Errors in Iranian 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren}, abstract ={Background and Objective: This study investigates stereopsis and its correlation with refractive errors in Iranian 7-year-old schoolchildren. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3,675 first-grade primary school students in seven cities of Iran. The subjects were randomly selected and evaluated after obtaining an informed consent letter from their parents. There were two inclusion criteria: no systemic diseases and no medication use. Refractive errors were examined with an auto refractometer and stereopsis was measured using the TNO test. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and using independent t-test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests. Results: The results of the present study showed that the rate of stereopsis in all students was 43.97±11.75 arcsec and there was a significant difference between the mean of stereopsis in females (43.30±10.62 arcsec) and males (44.59±12.66 arcsec) (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between different types of refractive errors (myopia, ametropia, hyperopia) and stereopsis (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, girls had a better stereopsis rate than the boys. Also, after correction of refractive errors, stereopsis was not the same value in different refractive states, which could be an indication of more attention to stereopsis testing as an indicator of binocular vision performance.}, Keywords = {Stereopsis, Refractive Errors, Iranian Children}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Fahimeh and Jenabi, Mohammad Sadegh and Kamali, Mohammad and Sanei, Hasan and Azari, Sanaz and Amiri-Shavaki, Younes}, title = {Comparative Study of Lexical Semantic Ability in Hearing and Hearing Impaired Adults}, abstract ={Background and Objective: People with more lexical semantic abilities can be more achieved in communicating with others, and in understanding the spoken or written words or sentences of others. The aim of this study was determination and comparison of lexical semantic ability in hearing and hearing impaired adults from mild to profound levels of hearing loss. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic and non-interventional study. Lexical semantic ability of 20 normal and 73 hearing impaired (16 mild, 17 moderate, 20 severe, and 20 profound hearing impaired) evaluated by the lexical semantic test. Normal adults were 7 males and 13 females, and hearing impaired adults were 23 males and 50 females. The participant’s age range was 18-58 years old. The lexical semantic test has 44 MCQs in its two alternate forms. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, U Mann Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for description and analysis of the data. Results: Statistical comparison of mean scores in two groups of hearing, and hearing impaired showed that mean scores of hearing group was significantly more. Scores of hearing, mild, moderate, and severe groups decreased respectively, but the scores of profound group was slightly more than severe group. The differences between scores of these groups were significant. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, we can conclude that hearing impairment can have adverse effects on lexical semantic ability of adult persons. The other important finding of this study was that the more the hearing impairment, the more its adverse effect on lexical semantic ability.}, Keywords = {Adults, Hearing, Hearing impaired, Lexical semantic, Mild, Moderate, Profound, Severe}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Salehe and Khalafbeigi, Mitra and MatinSadr, Nader and Saneii, Seyed Hass}, title = {The Effectiveness of Body Percussion Rhythmic Exercises on Motor Skills in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability Between 8-12 Years Old}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Intellectual disability is a common neurological disorder that involves concomitant impairments in mental and adaptive functioning and begins during the developmental period. Percussion is a rhythmic movement activity and the art of body- slapping to produce a variety of sounds for educational, therapeutic, ethnological and social purposes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of percussion rhythmic exercises on motor skills of mild mentally disabled children. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial in which 60 children with mild intellectual disability aged 8 to 12 years were selected by convenience sampling and divided into two groups: experimental (n = 31) and control (n = 29). The experimental group received body percussion exercises as a group for 12 weeks, 2 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session and the control group received only the usual school schedule. Both groups were evaluated before and after by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Paired T-test was used for intra-group comparisons and independent T-test was used to compare the two groups. Results: Results indicated that body percussion rhythmic exercises had a significant effect on some motor items including: fine motor skills, bi-lateral coordination, upper-limb coordination, visual-motor control, speed and upper- limbs speed and dexterity. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that group body percussion rhythmic exercises is a good way to improve motor skills in children with mild intellectual disability.}, Keywords = {Rhythm, Body Percussion, Motor skills, Mild intellectual disability}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-47}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourhoseingholi, Ensieh and Farahmand, Behshid and Bagheri, Azam}, title = {A Comparison of Mechanical Leg Impedance of Lower Limb Joint in Cerebral Palsy Crouch Gait Children with Healthy Match Group}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common form of upper motor neuron lesions in the children, leaded to joints deviation and different patterns of walking, like the crouch gait. Therefore, these joints devastation as well as the compensatory mechanisms were altered the mechanical impedance and gait insufficiency in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical impedance of joints and limb (skeletal and muscular components) at different sub phase of the stance phase of gait in Cerebral palsy crouch gait children. Methods: Twenty five children with spastic diplegia crouch gait Cerebral palsy and twenty five healthy controls walked at a self-selected comfortable speed. Kinetic and kinematic data were measured and analyzed during the loading response, the mid-stance, the terminal stance and the pre-swing sub phases of gait. Results: According to our study the Cerebral palsy crouch gait group showed a significant decrease in the leg impedance but increase in the joint impedance during the early to mid stance phase. However, during the terminal stance the leg impedance was increased as a result of more contribution of the muscular component to achieve sufficient impedance, which required increasing the muscular demands for keeping the body posture against collapse. Conclusion: The results of current study depicted that the Cerebral palsy crouch gait group relied more on the muscular than the skeletal components to achieve the required leg impedance. In addition, the more flexed hip and knee were increased the lever-arm length of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) vector at the joint centers, thus increased the joint moments.}, Keywords = {Cerebral palsy, Crouch gait, Impedance, Inverted pendulum, Joint impedance}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {48-57}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghafari, Ramina and Alizadeh, Mahdi and Khalafbeigi, Mitr}, title = {Preparation and Validation of Persian Version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-SR) in 11-18 Year Old Normal Adolescence}, abstract ={Introduction: Executive function includes a set of cognitive processes that are essential for controlling behaviors. Executive function helps manage and control thoughts and actions and refers to complex cognitive processes that require coordination with other subprojects. Measuring executive functions is associated with challenges, however, the most authoritative way to evaluate executive function is to use the report of executive functionof teenagers in the natural environment of life. The purpose of this study was to provide and validate a Persian Version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-SR) of 11-18 years old normal adolescence. Methods: In this psychometric study, at first English version of the BRIEF-SR questionnaire was translated in Persian and the reliability of each scale was evaluated. The content validity of this questionnaire was determined through a survey of 10 to 15 experienced occupational therapists. The second step was assessing the test-retest reliability of the Persian version of the BRIEF-SR questionnaire. Results: Content validity results showed that almost all items of the BRIEF-SR questionnaire in the Content Validity Index scored above 0.79, and in the content validity ratio, all items except 5 items scored above 49.9. The internal consistency of the Persian version of the BRIEF-SR questionnaire was also obtained by Cronbach's alpha of 0.9, which indicates a good reliability. Moreover, the Pearson correlation coefficient was above 0.8, which indicates a high correlation. Conclusion: The Persian version of the BRIEF-SR questionnaire showed that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing executive function in children and adolescents aged 11-18 years old.}, Keywords = {Persian version, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Adolescent, Validation}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = {School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science }, url = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Function and Disability Journal}, issn = {2588-6304}, eissn = {2588-6304}, year = {2018} }