en شنوایی شناسی Audiology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> Limited valid scales have been developed in English to measure the self-efficacy and involvement of parents of hearing-impaired children in early interventions, like parental involvement and self-efficacy (SPISE) and early intervention parenting self-efficacy scale (EIPSES), and none exist in Persian. This study aimed to translate the SPISE-revised (SPISE-R) into Persian and evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated version for use by Persian-speaking parents of deaf or hard-of-hearing children.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This test-development study was conducted in two phases: 1) Translation of the SPISE-R by six native Persian translators fluent in English (two of them were psychologists and the remaining were audiologists) using standard steps (e.g. forward translation, reconciliation, and back-translation), and 2) evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Persian version with input from 10 audiologists and psychologists. Answers from 59 parents of hearing-impaired children were used to assess the psychometric characteristics. The children were younger than 4 years old.<br> <strong>Results: </strong>The content validity ratio (CVR) demonstrated satisfactory cultural adaptation for all items. Item-level face validity indices for appropriateness and fluency ranged from 0.72 to 1.0. For the confidence subscale, the correlation coefficient was 0.55, the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.65, and the agreement rate was 0.76. In the action subscale, these values were 0.31, 0.47, and 0.82, respectively. Test re-test Pearson correlation coefficients confirmed consistency across all subscales over time.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The Persian version of the SPISE-R is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the beliefs, self-efficacy, and participation of parents of Persian-speaking hard-of-hearing children in early intervention. This questionnaire can facilitate tailored support and guidance for families in this population.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</div> Self-efficacy, Hard-of-hearing children, Deafness, Early intervention, SPISE-R, Persian language 0 0 http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-38-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farnoush Jarollahi jarollahi.f@iums.ac.ir 10031947532846004299 10031947532846004299 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Anis Hosseini anis.hoseini.aud@gmail.com 10031947532846004300 0009-0003-1304-9233 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahrbanoo Ghaharri michka2004@gmail.com 10031947532846004301 10031947532846004301 No Department of Mental Health, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Jalaie jalaeish@tums.ac.ir 10031947532846004302 10031947532846004302 Yes Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Validabadi z.validabady@gmail.com 10031947532846004303 10031947532846004303 No Department of Mental Health, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jean L. DesJardin desjardinj@moravian.edu 10031947532846004304 10031947532846004304 No Department of Education, Moravian University, Bethlehem, United States. Samin Moradi samin.moradi@mail.mcgill.ca 10031947532846004305 10031947532846004305 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sahand Rahimipour rahimipoor.sahand@gmail.com 10031947532846004306 10031947532846004306 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Morsali mahsamorsali29@gmail.com 10031947532846004307 0009-0004-8317-8126 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maedeh Radayi maedehradaee@gmail.com 10031947532846004308 0009-0008-1946-6691 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Samaneh Tourani samanetoorani@gmail.com 10031947532846004309 0009-0005-1751-9401 No Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.